Surah Al-Baqarah sebagai Fusṭāṭ al-Qur’ān: Analisis Tematik atas Kedudukan Ayat Kursi sebagai Representasi Tauhid

Abstract

This article is grounded in the limited number of studies that connect the designation of Surah al-Baqarah as Fusṭāṭal-Qur’ān with its broad thematic content and the position of Ayat al-Kursi as a central expression of tawhid. Existing discussions of Surah al-Baqarah have largely focused on the virtues of its recitation, religious reception practices, or the educational values of tawhid in a partial manner. As a result, they have not sufficiently explained the theological and thematic reasons behind the designation Fusṭāṭal-Qur’ān. This study aims to explain the conceptual meaning of Fusṭāṭal-Qur’ān, identify the breadth of Surah al-Baqarah’s content, and analyze Ayat al-Kursi as the primary representation of tawhid within the surah. This study employs a qualitative-interpretive paradigm through library research. The primary data sources include Surah al-Baqarah, particularly verse 255, Qur’anic exegeses, and hadith reports related to the virtues of Surah al-Baqarah and Ayat al-Kursi. Secondary data sources include books on Qur’anic studies, journal articles, undergraduate theses, master’s theses, and other relevant scholarly works. The data were analyzed using content analysis with a descriptive-analytical model through the stages of reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Surah al-Baqarah may be understood as Fusṭāṭal-Qur’ān because it comprehensively encompasses the foundations of Islamic teachings, including creed, worship, law, social life, and ethics. Ayat al-Kursi strengthens this position because it presents a concise and comprehensive affirmation of tawhid ulūhiyyah, rubūbiyyah, and asmā’ wa s}ifāt. This finding contributes to the development of thematic exegesis by moving beyond reports of scriptural virtue and integrating textual, conceptual, and theological analysis in understanding the structure of Qur’anic meaning.